早、晚期双语者第二语言书写的脑功能定位及机制

目的 观察早、晚期双语者进行第二语言书写时的脑激活区并探讨其神经心理学机制.方法 12名受试者分为早、晚期习得高熟练程度双语组,分别执行假写和英语书写作业,进行功能成像后分别对两组的假写和英语书写的图像数据进行配对t检验,并对两组进行联合分析,分析葡萄糖代谢变化的区域,获得相应的脑功能激活图.结果 早期习得高熟练程度英语书写组葡萄糖代谢增加脑区:双侧额中回(Z=4.35/2.01)、双侧小脑(Z=2.97/2.53)、左侧尾状核头(Z=3.07)等;晚期习得高熟练程度英语书写组葡萄糖代谢增加脑区:右侧额上回(Z=4.06)、右侧小脑(Z=4.63)、左侧壳核(Z=2.70)等;晚期习得高熟练程度组和早期习得高熟练程度组比较葡萄糖代谢增加脑区:右侧额回(Z=2.92)、右侧颞叶(Z=2.31)等.本试验所获数据差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 广泛脑皮层、皮层下结构参与第二语言的书写过程.语言习得年龄是影响第二语言书写脑功能定位的因素之一.

Abstract：

Objective To observe activated cerebral areas during the task of writing in second language by early and late acquisition bilinguals and explore the neuropsychological mechanism. Methods Twelve subjects were divided into group of early acquisition high proficiency bilinguals(EAHP) and group of late acquisition high proficiency bilinguals(LAHP). Each subject carried out the task of pseudo-writing and English writing. After functional imaging,statistical parametric mapping was used to compare data of the two tasks through paired- t test in both two groups. A conjunction analysis was conducted between the two groups also. Areas where the metabolism of glucose changed were analyzed. Then, the corresponding images about activated cerebral regions were obtained.Results Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in EAHP: bilateral middle frontal gyrus( Z=4.35/2. 01 ), bilateral cerebellum ( Z = 2.97/2.53 ) and left head of caudate nucleus ( Z = 3.07 ), etc. Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in LAHP: right superior frontal gyrus(Z=4.06), right cerebellum( Z=4.63), left putamen(Z=2.70) ,etc. Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in compared data of LAHP with data of EAHP: right frontal gyrus ( Z = 2.92 ), right temporal lobe( Z = 2.31 ), etc. Conclusion Extensive cerebral cortex and subcortical structures participate the process of writing in the second language. Age of bilingual acquisition is one of the factors affecting cerebral localization of writing in second language.     

纤维支气管镜用于成人喉罩定位的临床研究

目的探讨常规喉罩插入法喉罩理想位置的到位率,提高喉罩通气技术的安全性。方法采用纤维支气管镜(fiberoptic bronchoscope,FOB)对127例使用喉罩通气全麻的成年患者,验证喉罩插入位置的到位率,对插入喉罩位置不理想者在FOB直视下进行调整。结果常规喉罩插入法到位率为76.37%,经FOB直视下调整喉罩后所能达到1级者较之调整前明显增加(P<0.05);插入喉罩位置不当(位置分级≥2级)原因主要为深度不适宜。结论采用FOB对喉罩定位是一种准确、安全的方法,可以显著提高喉罩插入的到位率。     

CT三维重建在口腔埋伏牙定位中的临床应用

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维重建用于埋伏牙定位的临床效果。方法：对28例埋伏牙患者应用三维螺旋CT的图像处理功能,采用表面遮盖法（SSD）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）获得牙体表面立体图像。结果：螺旋CT三维重建能清楚显示埋伏牙的形态、唇腭向位置、萌出方向及与邻牙的关系。结论：螺旋CT三维重建是一种能展示牙体表面立体形态影像的新技术,对埋伏牙的定性、定位准确,弥补了传统X线片及二位CT的不足,可作为骨内埋伏牙外科处理和正畸治疗的检查手段。     

便携式心音采集与处理系统的设计

目的:在心脏辅助泵血装置的研制过程中,需要一款携带方便、抗干扰能力强的心音采集与处理系统实现对心音的准确采集,同时能够将采集到的信号进行分析。方法:本文以单片机和Visual C++6.0为基础设计了一款便携式心音采集与处理系统;该系统通过随身携带的部件采集心音信号并利用蓝牙技术无线传输到PC机,实现信号的保存和和处理。结果:该系统能实现心音信号的采集、保存、波形的实时显示、采样频率设置、心音包络提取等。结论:采用该系统采集了二尖瓣区的心音信号并提取了其包络,通过与专业设备采集的数据和处理结果对比,证明该心音采集和处理系统采集的信号准确性高、可靠性强,提取的包络效果良好。     

Accurate Preoperative Localization of Insulinomas Avoids the Need for Blind Resection and Reoperation: Analysis of a Single Institution Experience with 17 Surgically Treated Tumors over 19 Years

Introduction  Presently, the need for and choice of preoperative localization tests for insulinomas remain controversial. We report the results from a single institution experience whereby the management policy adopted was that of accurate preoperative localization before surgical exploration. Materials and Methods  From 1990 to 2008, 17 patients with a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of an insulinoma who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of all insulinomas were confirmed pathologically. Results  All tumors were localized preoperatively and an average of 2.2 preoperative localization studies including 1.4 noninvasive studies and 0.8 invasive studies were utilized per patient. Invasive localization modalities were more sensitive (92%) than noninvasive modalities in localizing insulinomas (71%). Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling was the most sensitive invasive modality (100%), whereas magnetic resonance imaging was the most sensitive noninvasive modality (63%). Fifteen of 17 tumors (88%) were localized intraoperatively via inspection/palpation and/or intraoperative ultrasonography. Both insulinomas which were not localized intraoperatively were localized correctly to the distal pancreas via preoperative transhepatic portal venous sampling. None of the patients required a blind resection or surgical reexploration for failed localization. All 17 patients underwent complete surgical resection which included eight enucleations and nine distal pancreatectomies with a cure rate of 94% (16/17) at a median follow-up of 35 (range, 1–217) months. The postoperative morbidity and long-term outcome of enucleation was similar to distal pancreatectomy despite a higher rate of microscopic margin involvement. Conclusion  Accurate preoperative localization of insulinomas is useful as it eliminates the need for blind distal pancreatectomy and avoids reoperation. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and whenever possible, a pancreas-sparing approach such as enucleation should be adopted.     

右房射频消融术治疗心房扑动

对５例阵发性心房扑动（简称房扑）患者行右房射频消融术。３例单型房扑消融成功，２例复合型房扑／房颤失败。３例成功者随访６个月无复发。房扑与右房内大折返运动有密切关系。射频消融结果与右房结构、房扑的类型及折返运动有关。右房射频消融的远期效果仍有待研究     

Design of a process for localization system in ubiquitous space

The purpose of the present paper is to show the interactive design process for the ubiquitous middleware platform on the Personal Area Network (PAN). The middleware platform is composed of a distributed system that supports sensors and actuators on PAN. Generally, in the case of middleware for ubiquitous computing, the structure is formulated by a simple design pattern in a shared program language. On the other hand, new media art or commercial game contents have specified methodologies such as extreme programming for these developments, and so it is difficult to share information among these products. In the present paper, we propose a new design process for the ubiquitous environment on the PAN to adapt different software methodologies and construct an interactive product of new media art using the proposed method. The design process consists of the artist’s proposal for media artwork, the engineer’s analysis, simulation, and testing. Each cycle is considered as an individual project, and interactive products such as middleware services are provided to the artist after the project is finished. We implemented interactive audio-visual prototype by the design process.     

Contour maps of auscultatory percussion in healthy subjects and patients with large intrapulmonary lesions

Auscultatory percussion of the chest is a clinical examination method that has been purported to detect intrapulmonary masses by their effect on transmission of the percussion note to the posterior chest. Recent findings from this laboratory suggested that the sound of sternal percussion may actually travel through the chest cage and not the lung parenchyma. To investigate this possibility further, we recorded the sound produced by sternal percussion at 63 evenly spaced points over the posterior chest wall of 3 healthy subjects and 4 patients with large, discrete intrathoracic lesions in the right upper lobe (2 patients), left lower lobe, and left upper lobe (1 patient each). We constructed 3-dimensional contour maps of the indices of sound amplitude and frequency to view graphically the pattern of distribution of the sound. Examination of the maps revealed areas of increased amplitude in the zones of projection of some osseous structures, especially the scapulae, both in the healthy subjects and patients. No disturbances in the pattern reflecting the presence of mediastinal structures or intrathoracic lesions were found despite the existence of deeply situated lung masses as large as 10 cm in diameter. These findings support the argument that the sound of sternal percussion travels to the posterior chest predominantly through chest wall structures.     

Intraoperative ultrasonography: a tool for localizing small colonic polyps

Background and aims Small colonic polyps are difficult to palpate and thus difficult to localize during surgery. Preoperative injection of dyes and on-the-table colonoscopy are some of the methods used to allow the surgeon to find the polyps. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of intraoperative ultrasound as a tool that may allow detection of small colonic polyps during surgery.Results The study population consisted of nine consecutive patients referred to surgery for polyps of the large bowel that were not amenable to endoscopic removal. At surgery, the colon was filled with saline and than scanned by linear ultrasound probe. In 8 out of 9 patients, intraoperative ultrasound successfully detected all polyps, even those smaller than 0.5 cm. In one patient with two polyps, one in the right colon was easily localized, but a second flat, 0.4-cm tubular adenoma at the splenic flexure was missed. In three patients, intraoperative ultrasound showed penetration into the muscular coat. These polyps were found on pathology to be invasive cancer.Conclusion Intraoperative ultrasound makes it possible for surgeons to easily localize small nonpalpable polyps of the large bowel. Furthermore, it can determine the aggressive potential of these lesions with great accuracy.